Header beams, also known as span load-bearing headers, are crucial structural components used to support openings in walls, such as doorways, windows, and garage doors. Choosing the correct header size is essential for ensuring the structural integrity and safety of your building. This article provides a comprehensive guide to span load-bearing header size selection, including charts, tables, strategies, and common mistakes to avoid.
The span load-bearing header size chart below provides general guidelines for selecting header sizes based on span and load requirements. However, it's important to consult with a qualified structural engineer for specific project requirements.
Span (ft) | Header Size (in) |
---|---|
4 | 2x6 |
6 | 2x8 |
8 | 2x10 |
10 | 2x12 |
12 | 2x14 |
14 | 2x16 |
16 | 2x18 |
18 | 2x20 |
20 | 2x22 |
Note: This chart assumes a maximum load of 250 pounds per foot (psf). For heavier loads, larger headers may be required.
To determine the appropriate header size for your project, you need to calculate the total load that will be supported by the header. This includes the weight of the wall above the opening, any supported floor loads, and any other concentrated loads, such as hanging fixtures.
The formula for calculating header load is:
Load = Dead Load + Live Load + Snow Load
Material | Pros | Cons |
---|---|---|
Solid Wood (SYP, Douglas Fir) | Readily available, relatively inexpensive | Can warp or twist over time, susceptible to rot and insects |
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) | Strong, lightweight, dimensionally stable | More expensive than solid wood, requires special tools and fasteners |
Engineered Wood I-Joists | Lightweight, high strength-to-weight ratio, easy to install | Not fire-resistant, susceptible to moisture damage |
Choosing the correct span load-bearing header size is essential for the structural integrity and safety of your building. By following the guidelines and strategies outlined in this article, you can determine the appropriate header size for your specific project and avoid costly mistakes. If you have any doubts or need assistance, don't hesitate to consult with a qualified structural engineer.
Remember, investing in the right header size now will help ensure the long-term strength and durability of your building.
Project | Span | Header Size |
---|---|---|
Single-story house with 8-foot wide doorway | 8 feet | 2x10 |
Two-story house with 10-foot wide garage door | 10 feet | 2x12 double header |
Commercial building with 14-foot wide storefront | 14 feet | LVL beam (14 inches deep) |
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